The maintenance of the redox homeostasis is critical for the survival of all organisms and its alterations underlay many human pathologies. The thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems are two of the major system involved in the maintenance of the redox homeostasis. However, we are still far from understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of these systems. Our group works with the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to gain deeper insight into the mechanisms governing the function of the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems at the molecular level. Our results demonstrate that the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems are involved in several pathologies such as ageing, neurodegenerative diseases and more recently defense against both bacterial and fungal pathogens.